Supporting materials

The Time-Use Diary Method
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What sort of questions can be answered using time-use diary data?
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Secondary Analysis of Time-Diary Surveys
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Related datasets, collections and other links

• Centre for Time Use Research (CTUR)
• Presentations of time-use trends by Our World in Data
• Further presentations of time-use trends by Our World in Data
• Creating tempograms and conducting sequence analysis with time-use diary data (includes Stata and R code)
• The leading US institution for the study of time-use
• Scientific studies about daily life, developed by the Research Group TOR at Free University of Brussels
• Interactive tool, allowing users to explore various aspects of children’s time-use using UK data

Recommended reading

• Bauman, A., Bittman, M., & Gershuny, J. (2019). A Short History of Time Use Research; Implications for Public Health. BMC Public Health, 19, 607.
• Chatzitheochari, S., Fisher, K., Gilbert, E., Calderwood, L., Huskinson, T., Cleary, A., & Gershuny, J. (2018). Using New Technologies for Time Diary Data collection: Instrument design and data quality findings from a mixed-mode pilot survey. Social Indicators Research, 137, 379–390.
• Chatzitheochari, S. & Mylona, E (2022) Does Diary Mode Matter in Time-Use Research? Journal of Time Use Research, 1.
• Cornwell, B., Gershuny, J., & Sullivan, O. (2019). The Social Structure of Time: Emerging Trends and New Directions. Annual Review of Sociology, 45, 301–320.
• Frazis, H., & Stewart, J. (2012). How to Think about Time-Use Data: What Inferences Can We Make about Long- and Short-Run Time Use from Time Diaries? Annals of Economic and Statistics, 105, 231–245.
• Gershuny, J. (2021) Too Many Zeroes? A Method for Estimating Long-Term Time Use for Short Diaries. Annals of Economics and Statistics, 105/106: 247-270.
• Hampton, K. N. (2017). Studying the Digital: Directions and Challenges for Digital Methods. Annual Review of Sociology, 43(1), 167–188.
• Kan, M. Y., & Pudney, S. (2008). Measurement Error in Stylized and Diary Data on Time Use. Sociological Methodology, 38, 101–132.
• Kolpashnikova, K., Flood, S., Sullivan, O., Sayer, L. Hertog, E., Zhou, M., Kan, M-Y., Suh, J. & Gershuny, J. (2021) Exploring Daily Time-Use Patterns: ATUS-X Data Extractor and Online Diary Visualisation Tool, PLOS One, 16(6): e0252843.
• Basner, M. Fomberstein, K.,. Razavi, F., Banks, S., William, J., Rosa, R.,. Dinges, D. (2007) American Time Use Survey: Sleep Time and Its Relationship to Waking Activities, Sleep, 30(9), 1085–1095.
• Bittman, M. & Wajcman, J. (2000) The Rush Hour: The Character of Leisure Time and Gender Equity, Social Forces, 79(1), 165–189.
• Chatzitheochari, S., & Arber, S. (2012). Gender, Class, and Time Poverty: A Time-use Analysis of British Workers' Free Time Resources. British Journal of Sociology, 63(3), 451–47.
• Craig, L. (2006). Does Father Care Mean Fathers Share?: A Comparison of How Mothers and Fathers in Intact Families Spend Time with Children. Gender & Society, 20(2), 259-281.
• Gershuny, J. (2003) Changing Times: Work and Leisure in Postindustrial Society. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Lesnard, L. (2008) Off-Scheduling within Dual-Earner Couples: An Unequal and Negative Externality for Family Time. American Journal of Sociology 114(2), 447–90.
• Michelson, W. (2005) Time Use: Expanding the Explanatory Power of the Social Sciences. Boulder, Colorado: Paradigm Publishers.
• Mullan, K. (2017). Technology and Children's Screen-based Activities in the UK: The Story of the Millennium so far. Child Indicators Research, 11(6), 1781–1800.
• Robinson, J., & Godbey, G. (2010). Time for Life: The Surprising Ways Americans Use their Time. University Park, PA: Penn State Press.
• Sayer, L. C., Bianchi, S. M., & Robinson, J. P. (2004). Are Parents Investing Less in Children? Trends in Mothers' and Fathers' Time with Children. American Journal of Sociology, 110(1), 1–43.