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Supporting materials

What are latent variables?
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Why are there different types of latent variable model?
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Related datasets, collections and other links


Recommended reading

  • Bartholomew, D. J., Steele, F., Moustaki, I., & Galbraith, J. I. (2008). Analysis of Multivariate Social Science Data. CRC Press.
  • Connelly, R., Gayle, V., & Lambert, P. S. (2016). A review of educational attainment measures for social survey research. Methodological Innovations, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059799116638001
  • Bolck, A., Croon, M., & Hagenaars, J. (2004). Estimating Latent Structure Models with Categorical Variables: One-Step Versus Three-Step Estimators. Political Analysis, 12(1), 3-27. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mph001
  • Heron, J. E., Croudace, T. J., Barker, E. D., & Tilling, K. (2015). A comparison of approaches for assessing covariate effects in latent class analysis. Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, 6(4), 420-434. https://doi.org/10.14301/llcs.v6i4.322
  • McCutcheon, A. L. (1987). Latent Class Analysis (Vol. 64). Sage Publications.
  • Mehmetoglu, M., & Jacobsen, T.G. (2022). Applied Statistics Using Stata. Sage.
  • Playford, C. J., & Gayle, V. (2016). The concealed middle? An exploration of ordinary young people and school GCSE subject area attainment. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(2), 149-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2015.1052049
  • Playford, C. J., Gayle, V., Connelly, R., & Murray, S. (2016). Parental socioeconomic influences on filial educational outcomes in Scotland: patterns of school-level educational performance using administrative data. Contemporary Social Science, 11(2-3), 183-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2016.1172728
  • Raykov, T. (2023). Item Response Theory and Modeling with Stata. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 21(2), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/15366367.2022.2133528
  • Russell, J., Grant, C. C., Morton, S., Denny, S., & Paine, S.-J. (2023). Prevalence and predictors of developmental health difficulties within New Zealand preschool-aged children: a latent profile analysis. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 53(5), 587-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/03036758.2022.2083188
  • Vermunt, J. K. (2010). Latent Class Modeling with Covariates: Two Improved Three-Step Approaches. Political Analysis, 18(4), 450-469. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpq025